成考英語作文滿分揭秘(下)
來源:www.ycmark.com 時間:2021-01-13 15:06:27 作者:山東成人高考
昨天我給大家講了《高考英語作文滿分揭秘(上)》的7個方法,今天我將繼續(xù)給大家講另外的7個方法!
1.注重過渡與銜接
高考作文在表達出具體內(nèi)容同時,也是給別人閱讀的,因此可讀性很重要。趣味橫生的句子人人愛讀,而枯燥乏味的內(nèi)容讀下去真的需要很大的努力。當(dāng)閱讀不再是享受時,很難說這是一篇佳作。之所以強調(diào)連貫性和過渡自然,正緣于此。在高考作文的評判過程中,語句連貫、過渡自然是很重要的一項評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因此學(xué)生要正確恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠B接詞和短語,并適時加入作文,文章的可讀感會立增,結(jié)構(gòu)也更顯緊湊。為使同學(xué)們熟練運用過渡語和鏈接短語,編者給搜集了如下常用語。
(1)表示時間:now、then、in the past、at present、in the future等。
(2)表示順序:fist.next. and then. finally、at the same time、 meanwhile(同時)、first.then. after that. finally, in the end等。
(3)表示并列:both...and、as well as、neither...nor、either...or、some..... some等。
(4)表示遞進: besides、otherwise、even、thus、let alone、moreover、what' s more、furthermore、to say nothing of、It goes without saying等。
(5)表示轉(zhuǎn)折:but、however、yet、meanwhile、at the same time、instead、on the contrary、unfortunately、after all等。
(6)表示讓步: though、although、in spite of等。
(7)表示對比: while、on one hand、on the other hand、in the same way、just as等。
(8)表示因果: because、 because(of)、as、since、now that、so、therefore、as a result、thanks to等。
(9)表示總結(jié): in a word、in short、in brief、in all、in the end、in conclusion、at last、finally、to sum up等。
(10)表示程度: first of all、above all, again and again等。
(11)表示強調(diào): indeed、surely、certainly、of course、above all等。
(12)轉(zhuǎn)換話題: by the way、I' m afraid、In my opinion、to tell the truth、to be honest、 after all in fact等.
(13)表示列舉: for example、 such as、 for instance like and so on等。
來看下面一則短文,感受過渡詞的妙處:
To find the store is quite easy. First, go straight from here until you meet a traffic light. Turn right and go through another crossing. Then, take No. 2 bus and get off at Zhongshan Road. Next change to No 5 bus and get off at Renmin Road. After about 5 minutes walk to the south, you will see a big bookstore. Finally, walk on until you come to a square. The store is on the east of the square. You can't miss it.
這段文字雖然所涉頭緒繁多,但由于使用了恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞,行文一下子順暢很多,句子間的關(guān)系也更清晰明了。
2.合理安排句型
復(fù)雜句式的優(yōu)點是容量大,所含信息較多,因此在講述多個要素時,可考慮使用復(fù)合句。如果需要可把類似的、相近的、互補的句子整合成一個長句。這樣做的優(yōu)點是,重點突出,邏輯合理。例如:
When it is my birthday, my mother will cook some dishes to celebrate my birth,or she will give me some money to buy whatever I want.
改為: To celebrate my birthday, my mother always cooks some dishes or gives me some money to buy whatever I want.
“一合二”的句子更易理解,邏輯更合理,也更具英語思維。
在被動語態(tài)上,中文和英文有著顯著的差別。
?、僦形某S弥鲃诱Z態(tài),在英文中常用被動,如:
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.明天討論這個問題(英文是被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu))。
?、谥形闹兄髡Z多為人稱代詞,而英語中主語繁多。
It's important to learn English well.
Where and when the meeting will be held has not been decided.
We aim at quality rather than quantity.
Teaching the children is the thing I like best.
仔細(xì)觀看上述例句,可見在英語中不僅名詞和代詞可做主語,動名詞、被動式、不定時、從句等都可做主語。
3.靈活運用高級句式
同學(xué)們在造句時,一定要打破漢語思維的禁錮和約束,既要使句子生動,也要使內(nèi)容簡明扼要。如何做到擺脫漢語束縛?多練,多讀,多聽……頻繁接觸英文,耳濡目染,自然會熟諳英文行文規(guī)律。
例1:2009年玉樹發(fā)生了一次大地震。
[一般句式] There was a strong earthquake in Yushu in 2009.
[優(yōu)秀句式] A terrible earthquake hit/ struck Yushu in 2009.
分析: there be結(jié)構(gòu)固然正確,但后句卻摒棄常見句式,獨辟蹊徑使用了“主語+謂語+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu),并且加入了 terrible,ht/ strike這樣的詞匯,表達方式更地道。
例2:現(xiàn)在每個人都知道這個消息了,我想一定是戴維把它泄露出去的。
[一般句式] Now everyone knows the news. I think David must have let it out.
[優(yōu)秀句式] Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been David who has let it out.
例3:你8月15號的信我今天上午收到了。
[一般句式] I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.
[優(yōu)秀句式] Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.
分析:前句為普通方式,后句表達更為簡潔,地道。
例4:就算她的發(fā)音不比她老師好的話,至少也不會比她老師的差。
[一般句式] If her pronunciation is not better than her teachers, it is at least as good as her teacher s
[優(yōu)秀句式] Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than her teacher's.
4.運用高級詞匯以示新穎
根據(jù)考試大綱和評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),現(xiàn)在的高考評分原則逐漸傾向于“使用較復(fù)雜句式和高級詞匯”,這一指導(dǎo)思想不僅要求考生要做到“能”,還要做到“精”,即在完成表達內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,盡量使用高級句式和高級詞匯。
高級句式我們知道是什么,無非多種從句和復(fù)合句,那何謂高級詞匯呢?其實本無高級詞匯,但若能在闡述中使用更為精準(zhǔn)、更恰當(dāng),就是高級詞匯。通常認(rèn)為高級詞匯有三個方面含義:
(1)超過大綱的詞匯
根據(jù)教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定和相關(guān)教育部門的指導(dǎo)意見,考試大綱包含3800個詞匯,基本包含了平常閱讀所需單詞。而優(yōu)秀的高中畢業(yè)生可能掌握4500-5500的詞匯量,超過的700-1700即為超過大綱的詞匯。作文中若出現(xiàn)此類作文,說明考生詞匯量很豐富,文章表達自然也更準(zhǔn)確恰當(dāng)。
例1:周末我們做很多作業(yè)。
[一般句式] At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.
[優(yōu)秀句式] At weekends, we have endless homework to do.
分析:后句在表達時避開了 a lot of,而是使用了 endless endless就是超過大綱之外的詞匯。其實原理也很簡單:就是end+less而來,這是英語中最常見的衍生現(xiàn)象,即end是詞根,less是后綴,形成新詞。同學(xué)們稍微留點心就能掌握此類詞。
例2:這棟房子在春暉街的一棟樓上。
[一般句式] The flat is in a building on Chunhui Street.
[優(yōu)秀句式] The flat situates in a building on Chunhui Street.
分析: situate就是高級詞匯,相對于be in,屬《大綱》之外的詞匯。
例3:浴室和廚房都很好。
[一般句式] The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
[優(yōu)秀句式」 The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.
分析: well-furnished明顯更地道,表達方式更符合英語思維。
例4:幾天前,我在街上碰巧遇見了他。
[一般句式] happened upon him in the street a few days ago.
[優(yōu)秀句式] I happened upon him in the street the other day.
分析: the other day更有偶然的意思,明顯比 a few days ago要高級。
例5:她的金色頭發(fā)很迷人。
[一般句式] Her blonde hair is very beautiful
[優(yōu)秀句式] Her blonde hair is very attract
分析: attractive吸引人的,迷人的;比 beautiful更高級,表達效果更加。這是由于 beautiful相對于 attractive屬上義詞,即所有優(yōu)點的統(tǒng)稱,而 attractive屬下義詞,類屬于上義詞。
(2)綱內(nèi)詞匯綱外用
一些詞匯雖然在《大綱》之內(nèi),但用在句式上則顯得十分恰當(dāng),有點睛效果,這類詞匯也可視作高級詞匯。
Hearing the news, I felt kind of depressed.聽到這個消息,我感到有點沮喪。( kind of在此用作副詞,意為“有點”)。
(3)低級詞匯高級用
詞匯和詞匯是平等的,本身并無高低貴賤之分,但在不同的場合,不同的語言環(huán)境,換一個詞后表達效果立升,美感立顯,這就是所謂的低級詞匯高級用典型示例。
He stood before his teacher silently, with his head down.
他低著頭,沉默地站老師面前。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用得好,伴隨狀態(tài)表示法)
The cat jumped over the short wall, up the stairs and then into a hole in the corner.貓?zhí)^低墻,爬上樓梯,之后鉆進了角落里的一個洞。(介詞over、up、into等用得較好,比較傳神,傳達的意思非常準(zhǔn)確)
5.頻繁突出關(guān)鍵詞
關(guān)鍵詞往往是文章主旨的化身,它在文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)會把讀者思維聚焦在這詞上,產(chǎn)生一定的影響效果,有利于提升文章表達效果。
There is traffic when everything and everybody are using the roads. Subways and buses taking people to school or to work create traffic. Cars and motorcycles create traffic. People riding bicycles in the streets create traffic. You are part of the city traffic when walking along the sidewalk or across the street.
是不是認(rèn)為 traffic出現(xiàn)的頻率太高了?但它并未導(dǎo)致文章枯燥、呆板,反而使讀者印象深刻,每次出現(xiàn)都有不同的含義,傳遞出新的意義。文章主旨也在它的頻繁出現(xiàn)中得以凸顯,加上不同的主語交錯使用,文章行文連貫,可讀性強。
6.適當(dāng)使用名言警句
如果在作文中偶然加入一兩句名言,則有畫龍點睛、錦上添花之妙。名言警句不僅思想深邃,且膾炙人口,流傳范圍很廣。名言的出現(xiàn)一下子就抓住文章表達主旨,更有說服力,表達效果自然也得以提升。編者為方便考生們復(fù)習(xí)和運用,特整理了一些常用警言名句,可根據(jù)需要在文章運用。
(1) Work makes the workman.勤工出巧匠。
(2) Good advice is beyond price.有益的忠告是無價之寶。
(3) Easy come, easy go.來得容易去得快。
(4) You cannot judge a tree by its bark.人不可貌相。
(5) Knowledge is power.知識就是力量。
(6) Strike while the iron is hot趁熱打鐵。
(7) Great hopes make great men.偉大的思想造就偉大的人。
(8) One today is worth two tomorrows.一個今天勝似兩個明天。
(9) Well begun is haft done.良好的開端是成功的一半。
(10) An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之計在于晨
(11) A friend is easier to be lost than found.朋友易失不易得。
(12) Time and tide wait for no man.歲月不待人。
(13) a life without a friend is a life without a sun.人生無友,猶如沒有太陽。
(14) Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事競成。
(15) A contented mind is a perpetual feast.知足常樂。
(16) Pride goes before destruction a fall./ Pride will have a fall.驕者必敗。
(17) Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
(18) A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見知己。
(19) Actions speak louder than words.事實勝于雄辯。
7.布局巧妙運乎一心
在寫作時,應(yīng)按一定的順序來寫,如事件順序、結(jié)構(gòu)次序、時間順序、地點先后等。同時為突出主題、結(jié)構(gòu)合理,應(yīng)注重使用主題句,即命題中給出的句式。認(rèn)真通讀下文,感受美文的優(yōu)點:
Opinions are divided on the question.
60%0 of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What's more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because money is needed to pay gardeners and other workers and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest,however, fees should be charged low.
分析
①該文運用 Opinions are divided.開篇立意,緊跟兩個段落都使用了主題句,使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,行文連貫,邏輯合理。
②該文在闡述各項要點時,適當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)整了順序。如“40%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為應(yīng)收門票,但不宜太高?!边@一句式特點是:主題句放句首,另一句放句末。They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.如此一來,主次分明,條理更清晰,層次感凸顯。
③文中使用了and、what' s more、however等過渡詞,兼有 on the other hando解釋前后兩個觀點是不同的),這些連接詞的運用加強了句與句之間和段落之間的聯(lián)系,文章更加緊湊,行文連貫,可讀性大增。
④在解釋不收門票的“原因”時使用了 Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.等細(xì)節(jié),這顯然是為了解決句式之間的連貫性而故意為之。
簡言之,要想使文章出類拔萃,奪人眼球,即必須有亮點,有閃光點,以吸引讀者。“學(xué)海無涯苦作舟”,任何技巧都不是一日之間連成的,必須通過反復(fù)的練習(xí)。“他山之石可以攻玉”,同學(xué)們在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中要勤于思考,善于模仿,在思考的過程中探索奧秘,在模仿中積累經(jīng)驗,點點滴滴的積累終會成為作文中的亮點。
今天小編就講到這里,希望昨天和今天講的英語作文14個知識點能夠幫助到你。
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