成人高考英語:助動(dòng)詞的5種用法?
來源:www.ycmark.com 時(shí)間:2021-01-13 15:06:05 作者:山東成人高考
助動(dòng)詞本身沒有獨(dú)立的意義,在句中不能作獨(dú)立謂語,只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語,表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)和否定疑問的語法特征。助動(dòng)詞有be,do,have,shall,will,should, would等。如:
Do you speak English?
你說英語嗎?(疑問句)
He was still doing his homework at10pm last night.
他昨晚上10點(diǎn)還在做作業(yè)。(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))
The professor was invited to visit the school in Beijing.
這個(gè)教授被邀請(qǐng)參觀北京的某個(gè)學(xué)校。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
助動(dòng)詞的用法有以下幾點(diǎn):
(1)助動(dòng)詞be的用法
?、贅?gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),如:
What were you doing this time yesterday evening?
昨天晚上這個(gè)時(shí)候你在做什么?
I am listening to a piece of music now.
我現(xiàn)在正在聽音樂。
?、跇?gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài),如:
He was invited to the dance ball last week.
他上周被邀參加舞會(huì)。
preparations are being made for the speech contest(比賽).
講演比賽的準(zhǔn)備工作正在進(jìn)行。
?、酆蛣?dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成謂語,表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事。如:
Where are we to meet?
我們?cè)谀睦锱鲱^?
I was to stay at home with my sister
我和我妹妹待在家里。
(2)助動(dòng)詞have的用法
have+過去分詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)的肯定式、否定式和疑間式。如:
I have already seen this film.
我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。
He had lived in China for ten years before his mother came.
在他媽媽來之前,他已在中國生活十年。
(3)動(dòng)詞do的用法
?、贅?gòu)成一般時(shí)的疑問式或否定式。如:
Do you come to work on foot every day?
你每天走著上班嗎?
Don't be late next time.
下次別遲到了。
?、诩訌?qiáng)語氣。如:
Do come and join us.
千萬要來參加我們的活動(dòng)。
I do think you should go.
我的確認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該去。
③代替前面剛出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞,以避免重復(fù)。如:
Do you like music?Yes,I do.
你喜歡音樂嗎?是的,我喜歡。
I went to the concert yesterday.So did she.
我昨天去音樂會(huì)了,她也去了。
④構(gòu)成倒裝句。如:
Only then did I understand what he meant.
只有到那時(shí),我才知道他的意思。
Never did he go there again.
他再也沒去過那里。
(4)助動(dòng)詞shall和will的用法
shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài)。shall在陳述句中只用于第一人稱,will可用于所有人稱。如:
Tomorrow I shall finish the work.
明天我將完成這項(xiàng)工作。
We shall/ will be glad to see you.
我們將很高興見到你。
(5)助動(dòng)詞 should和 would的用法
?、賡hould是shall過去式, would是will的過去式。 should/ would+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)。 should用于第一人稱, would用于所有人稱。如:
He asked us when we should have the basketball match.
他問我們什么時(shí)間將舉行球賽。
I told him I would wait for him outside.
我告訴他我在外面等他。
②構(gòu)成虛擬語氣。如:
If he were here, everything would be all right.
要是他在這里,一切都沒有問題了。
If I hadn't taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.
如果不聽你的話,我就犯大錯(cuò)了。
相關(guān)閱讀